Reference Dump

All References (sorted by lab below)

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Welsh JH, Smith RI, Kammer AE (1968). Laboratory Exercises in Invertebrate Physiology (Burgess Publishing Company, Minneapolis), pp. 85-87.
Whitlock JR, Heynen AJ, Shuler MG, Bear MF (2006). Learning induces long-term potentiation in the hippocampus. Science 313:1093-1097. [doi]
Wiersma CAG, Furshpan E, Florey E (1953). Physiological and pharmacological observations on muscle receptor organs of the crayfish, Cambarus clarkii Girard. J Exp Biol 30:136-150. [pdf]
Williams SE (1976). Comparative sensory physiology of droseraceae—Evolution of a plant sensory system. P Am Philos Soc 120:187-204. [pdf]
Wine JJ, Mittenthal JE, Kennedy D (1974). Structure of tonic flexor motoneurons in crayfish abdominal ganglia. J Comp Physiol 93:315-335. [doi]
Wright SH (2004). Generation of resting membrane potential. Adv Physiol Educ 28:139-142. [doi]
Xu J, He L, Wu LG (2007). Role of Ca²⁺ channels in short-term synaptic plasticity. Curr Opin Neurobiol 17:352-359. [doi]
Xu-Friedman MA (2013). Illustrating concepts of quantal analysis with an intuitive classroom model. Adv Physiol Educ 37:112-116. [doi]
Xu-Friedman MA, Regehr WG (2004). Structural contributions to short-term synaptic plasticity. Physiol Rev 84:69-85. [doi]
Zakon HH (2012). Adaptive evolution of voltage-gated sodium channels: The first 800 million years. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 109 Suppl 1:10619-10625. [doi]. [pdf]
Zhao B, Rassendren F, Kaang BK, Furukawa Y, Kubo T, Kandel ER (1994). A new class of noninactivating K⁺ channels from Aplysia capable of contributing to the resting potential and firing patterns of neurons. Neuron 13:1205-1213. [doi]
Zucker RS, Kullmann DM, Schwartz TL (2009). Release of neurotransmitters. In: Byrne JH, Roberts JL (eds.), From Molecules to Networks: An Introduction to Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience (Academic Press, San Diego), pp. 255-258.
Zucker RS, Regehr WG (2002). Short-term synaptic plasticity. Annu Rev Physiol 64:355-405. [doi]

1. Membrane Properties

Byrne JH, Shepherd GM (2009). Electrotonic properties of axons and dendrites. In: Byrne JH, Roberts JL (eds.), From Molecules to Networks: An Introduction to Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience (Academic Press, San Diego), ch. 4.
Koester J, Siegelbaum SA (2013). Membrane potential and the passive electrical properties of the neuron. In: Kandel ER, Schwartz JH, Jessell TM, Siegelbaum SA, Hudspeth AJ (eds.), Principles of Neural Science (McGraw Hill, Newark), ch. 6.
Moller P (1995). Basic elements of electrocommunication systems. In: Moller P (ed.) Electric Fishes: History and Behavior (Chapman and Hall, London), ch. 8.
Siegelbaum SA, Koester J (2013). Review of basic circuit theory. In: Kandel ER, Schwartz JH, Jessell TM, Siegelbaum SA, Hudspeth AJ (eds.), Principles of Neural Science, Fifth Edition (McGraw Hill, Newark), pp. 1525-1532.

1i. Membrane Properties (Supplement)

Byrne JH, Shepherd GM (2009). Electrotonic properties of axons and dendrites. In: Byrne JH, Roberts JL (eds.), From Molecules to Networks: An Introduction to Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience (Academic Press, San Diego), ch. 4.
Hille B (2001). Ion Channels of Excitable Membranes (Sinauer Associates, Sunderland MA), ch. 1.
Koester J, Siegelbaum SA (2013). Membrane potential and the passive electrical properties of the neuron. In: Kandel ER, Schwartz JH, Jessell TM, Siegelbaum SA, Hudspeth AJ (eds.), Principles of Neural Science (McGraw Hill, Newark), ch. 6.
Moller P (1995). Basic elements of electrocommunication systems. In: Moller P (ed.) Electric Fishes: History and Behavior (Chapman and Hall, London), ch. 8.
Sherman-Gold R (2012). The Axon Guide: Electrophysiology and Biophysics Laboratory Techniques, 3rd Edition (Molecular Devices Corporation, Union City CA). [pdf]
Siegelbaum SA, Koester J (2013). Review of basic circuit theory. In: Kandel ER, Schwartz JH, Jessell TM, Siegelbaum SA, Hudspeth AJ (eds.), Principles of Neural Science, Fifth Edition (McGraw Hill, Newark), pp. 1525-1532.

2. Motor Nerve Recording

Aidley DJ (1998). The Physiology of Excitable Cells (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge), pp. 46-49.
Evoy WH, Kennedy D, Wilson DM (1967). Discharge patterns of neurones supplying tonic abdominal flexor muscles in the crayfish. J Exp Biol 46:393-411. [pdf]
Hartline DK, Colman DR (2007). Rapid conduction and the evolution of giant axons and myelinated fibers. Current Biology 17:R29-35. [doi]
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Kennedy D, Takeda K (1965a). Reflex control of abdominal flexor muscles in the crayfish I. The twitch system. J Exp Biol 43:221-227. [pdf]
Kennedy D, Takeda K (1965b). Reflex control of abdominal flexor muscles in the crayfish II. The tonic system. J Exp Biol 43:229-246. [pdf]
Koester J, Siegelbaum SA (2013). Membrane potential and the passive electrical properties of the neuron. In: Kandel ER, Schwartz JH, Jessell TM, Siegelbaum SA, Hudspeth AJ (eds.), Principles of Neural Science (McGraw Hill, Newark), ch. 6.
Larimer JL, Moore D (2003). Neural basis of a simple behavior: Abdominal positioning in crayfish. Microsc Res Tech 60:346-359. [doi]

2i. Motor Nerve Recording (Supplement)

Aidley DJ (1998). The Physiology of Excitable Cells (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge), pp. 46-49, 52-53.
Atwood HL (2008). Parallel ‘phasic’ and ‘tonic’ motor systems of the crayfish abdomen. J Exp Biol 211:2193-2195. [doi]
Brown RH, Cannon SC, Rowland LP (2013). Diseases of the nerve and motor unit. In: Kandel ER, Schwartz JH, Jessell TM, Siegelbaum SA, Hudspeth AJ (eds.), Principles of Neural Science (McGraw Hill, Newark), ch. 14.
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Hartline DK, Colman DR (2007). Rapid conduction and the evolution of giant axons and myelinated fibers. Current Biology 17:R29-35. [doi]
Hille B (2001). Ion Channels of Excitable Membranes (Sinauer Associates, Sunderland MA), ch. 1, especially pp. 72-74.
Junge D (1981). Nerve and Muscle Excitation (Sinauer Associates, Sunderland MA), pp. 2-7.
Koester J, Siegelbaum SA (2013). Membrane potential and the passive electrical properties of the neuron. In: Kandel ER, Schwartz JH, Jessell TM, Siegelbaum SA, Hudspeth AJ (eds.), Principles of Neural Science (McGraw Hill, Newark), ch. 6.
Loeb GE, Gans C (1986). Electromyography for Experimentalists (University of Chicago Press, Chicago), pp. 61, 71-76, 175-188.
Mulloney B, Smarandache-Wellmann C (2012). Neurobiology of the crustacean swimmeret system. Prog Neurobiol 96:242-267. [doi]
Murphy BF, Larimer JL (1991). The effect of various neurotransmitters and some of their agonists and antagonists on the crayfish abdominal positioning system. Comp Biochem Physiol C 100:687-698. [doi]
Murray RW (1983). Test Your Understanding of Neurophysiology (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge), pp. 51-58.
Purves D, Augustine GJ, Fitzpatrick D, Hall WC, LaMantia A-S, McNamara JO, White LE (2012). Neuroscience (Sinauer Associates, Sunderland MA), ch. 3.
Silverthorn DU (2013). Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach (Pearson, Boston), ch. 8, 13.

3. Motor Nerve Tracing

Kennedy D, Takeda K (1965). Reflex control of abdominal flexor muscles in the crayfish II. The tonic system. J Exp Biol 43:229-246. [pdf]
Larimer JL, Moore D (2003). Neural basis of a simple behavior: Abdominal positioning in crayfish. Microsc Res Tech 60:346-359. [doi]
Lichtman JW, Livet J, Sanes JR (2008). A technicolour approach to the connectome. Nat Rev Neurosci 9:417-422. [doi] (For more examples, see cbs.fas.harvard.edu/science/connectome-project/brainbow.)
Mittenthal JE, Wine JJ (1978). Segmental homology and variation in flexor motoneurons of the crayfish abdomen. J Comp Neurol 177:311-334. [doi]
Mulloney B, Hall WM (2000). Functional organization of crayfish abdominal ganglia. III. Swimmeret motor neurons. J Comp Neurol 419:233-243. [doi]
Murphy AD (2001). The neuronal basis of feeding in the snail, Helisoma, with comparisons to selected gastropods. Prog Neurobiol 63:383-408. [doi]
Purali N (2005). Structure and function relationship in the abdominal stretch receptor organs of the crayfish. J Comp Neurol 488:369-383. [doi]
Purves D, Augustine GJ, Fitzpatrick D, Hall WC, LaMantia A-S, McNamara JO, White LE (2012). Neuroscience (Sinauer Associates, Sunderland MA), ch. 1.
Quicke DLJ, Brace RC (1979). Differential staining of cobalt- and nickel-filled neurones using rubeanic acid. J Microsc 115:161-163. [doi]
Silverthorn DU (2013). Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach (Pearson, Boston), ch. 8.
Wine JJ, Mittenthal JE, Kennedy D (1974). Structure of tonic flexor motoneurons in crayfish abdominal ganglia. J Comp Physiol 93:315-335. [doi]

3i. Motor Nerve Tracing (Supplement)

Bishop CA, Wine JJ, Nagy F, O’Shea MR (1987). Physiological consequences of a peptide cotransmitter in a crayfish nerve-muscle preparation. J Neurosci 7:1769-1779. [pdf]
Kennedy D, Takeda K (1965). Reflex control of abdominal flexor muscles in the crayfish II. The tonic system. J Exp Biol 43:229-246. [pdf]
Larimer JL, Moore D (2003). Neural basis of a simple behavior: Abdominal positioning in crayfish. Microsc Res Tech 60:346-359. [doi]
Lichtman JW, Livet J, Sanes JR (2008). A technicolour approach to the connectome. Nat Rev Neurosci 9:417-422. [doi] (For more examples, see cbs.fas.harvard.edu/science/connectome-project/brainbow.)
Mittenthal JE, Wine JJ (1978). Segmental homology and variation in flexor motoneurons of the crayfish abdomen. J Comp Neurol 177:311-334. [doi]
Mulloney B, Hall WM (2000). Functional organization of crayfish abdominal ganglia. III. Swimmeret motor neurons. J Comp Neurol 419:233-243. [doi]
Murphy AD (2001). The neuronal basis of feeding in the snail, Helisoma, with comparisons to selected gastropods. Prog Neurobiol 63:383-408. [doi]
Purali N (2005). Structure and function relationship in the abdominal stretch receptor organs of the crayfish. J Comp Neurol 488:369-383. [doi]
Purves D, Augustine GJ, Fitzpatrick D, Hall WC, LaMantia A-S, McNamara JO, White LE (2012). Neuroscience (Sinauer Associates, Sunderland MA), ch. 1.
Quicke DLJ, Brace RC (1979). Differential staining of cobalt- and nickel-filled neurones using rubeanic acid. J Microsc 115:161-163. [doi]
Silverthorn DU (2013). Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach (Pearson, Boston), ch. 8.
Wine JJ, Mittenthal JE, Kennedy D (1974). Structure of tonic flexor motoneurons in crayfish abdominal ganglia. J Comp Physiol 93:315-335. [doi]

4. Muscle Resting Potential

Aidley DJ (1998). The Physiology of Excitable Cells (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge), p. 21.
Baker PF, Hodgkin AL, Shaw TI (1962). The effects of changes in internal ionic concentrations on the electrical properties of perfused giant axons. J Physiol 164:355-374. [pdf]
Hodgkin AL, Horowicz P (1959). The influence of potassium and chloride ions on the membrane potential of single muscle fibres. J Physiol 148:127-160. [pdf]
Honoré E (2007). The neuronal background K2P channels: Focus on TREK1. Nature Rev Neurosci 8:251-261. [doi]
Jones SW (1989). On the resting potential of isolated frog sympathetic neurons. Neuron 3:153-161. [doi]
Kerkut GA, Thomas RC (1965). An electrogenic sodium pump in snail nerve cells. Comp Biochem Physiol 14:167-183. [doi]
Lesage F, Lazdunski M (2000). Molecular and functional properties of two-pore-domain potassium channels. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 279:F793-F801. [pdf]
McCormick DA (2009). Membrane potential and action potential. In: Byrne JH, Roberts JL (eds.), From Molecules to Networks: An Introduction to Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience (Academic Press, San Diego), ch. 5.
Nistri A, Fisher ND, Gurnell M (1990). Block by the neuropeptide TRH of an apparently novel K⁺ conductance of rat motoneurones. Neurosci Lett 120:25-30. [pdf]
Purves D, Augustine GJ, Fitzpatrick D, Hall WC, LaMantia A-S, McNamara JO, White LE (2012). Neuroscience (Sinauer Associates, Sunderland MA), ch. 2.
Van Harreveld A (1936). A physiological solution for freshwater crustaceans. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 34:428-432. [doi]
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Wang YC, Huang RC (2006). Effects of sodium pump activity on spontaneous firing in neurons of the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus. J Neurophysiol 96:109-118. [doi]
Wright SH (2004). Generation of resting membrane potential. Adv Physiol Educ 28:139-142. [doi]

4i. Muscle Resting Potential (Supplement)

Brickley SG, Mody I (2012). Extrasynaptic GABA(A) receptors: Their function in the CNS and implications for disease. Neuron 73:23-34. [doi]
Dey D, Eckle VS, Vitko I, Sullivan KA, Lasiecka ZM, Winckler B, Stornetta RL, Williamson JM, Kapur J, Perez-Reyes E (2014). A potassium leak channel silences hyperactive neurons and ameliorates status epilepticus. Epilepsia 55:203-213. [doi]
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Hodgkin AL, Horowicz P (1959). The influence of potassium and chloride ions on the membrane potential of single muscle fibres. J Physiol 148:127-160. [pdf]
Honoré E (2007). The neuronal background K2P channels: Focus on TREK1. Nature Rev Neurosci 8:251-261. [doi]
Hultborn H, Kiehn O (1992). Neuromodulation of vertebrate motor neuron membrane properties. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2:770-775. [doi]
Jones SW (1989). On the resting potential of isolated frog sympathetic neurons. Neuron 3:153-161. [doi]
Kerkut GA, Thomas RC (1965). An electrogenic sodium pump in snail nerve cells. Comp Biochem Physiol 14:167-183. [doi]
Lesage F, Lazdunski M (2000). Molecular and functional properties of two-pore-domain potassium channels. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 279:F793-F801. [pdf]
Mathie A, Veale EL (2007). Therapeutic potential of neuronal two-pore domain potassium-channel modulators. Curr Opin Investig Drugs 8:555-562. [pdf]
McCormick DA (2009). Membrane potential and action potential. In: Byrne JH, Roberts JL (eds.), From Molecules to Networks: An Introduction to Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience (Academic Press, San Diego), ch. 5.
Moore JW, Stuart AE (2007). Neurons in Action: Tutorials and Simulations Using NEURON (Sinauer Associates, Sunderland MA). [www.neuronsinaction.com]
Purves RD (1981). Microelectrode Methods for Intracellular Recording and Ionophoresis (Academic Press, New York), pp. 51-53.
Rudy B (1988). Diversity and ubiquity of K channels. Neuroscience 25:729-749. [doi]
Silverthorn DU (2013). Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach (Pearson, Boston), ch. 20.
Wallin BG (1967). Relation between external potasium concentration, membrane potential, and internal ion concentrations in crayfish axons. Acta Physiol Scand 70:431-448. [doi]
Waxman SG, Zamponi GW (2014). Regulating excitability of peripheral afferents: Emerging ion channel targets. Nature Neurosci 17:153-163. [doi]
Zhao B, Rassendren F, Kaang BK, Furukawa Y, Kubo T, Kandel ER (1994). A new class of noninactivating K⁺ channels from Aplysia capable of contributing to the resting potential and firing patterns of neurons. Neuron 13:1205-1213. [doi]

5. Synaptic Connectivity

Atwood HL (1982). Synapses and neurotransmitters. In: Atwood HL, Sandeman DC (eds.), The Biology of Crustacea, Vol 3, Neurobiology: Structure and Function (Academic Press, New York), ch. 3.
Atwood HL (2008). Parallel ‘phasic’ and ‘tonic’ motor systems of the crayfish abdomen. J Exp Biol 211:2193-2195. [doi]
Byrne JH (2009). Postsynaptic potentials and synaptic integration. In: Byrne JH, Roberts JL (eds.), From Molecules to Networks: An Introduction to Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience (Academic Press, San Diego), ch. 16.
Clement JF, Taylor AK, Velez SJ (1983). Effect of a limited target area on regeneration of specific neuromuscular connections in the crayfish. J Neurophysiol 49:216-226. [pdf]
Krause KM, Vélez SJ (1995). Regeneration of neuromuscular connections in crayfish allotransplanted neurons. J Neurobiol 27:154-171. [doi]
Nicholls JG, Martin AR, Fuchs PA, Brown PA, Diamond ME, Weisblat DA (2012). From Neuron to Brain (Sinauer Associates, Sunderland MA), ch. 16.
Purves D, Augustine GJ, Fitzpatrick D, Hall WC, LaMantia A-S, McNamara JO, White LE (2012). Neuroscience (Sinauer Associates, Sunderland MA), ch. 5.
Vélez SJ, Wyman RJ (1978a). Synaptic connectivity in a crayfish neuromuscular system: 1. Gradient of innervation and synaptic strength. J Neurophysiol 41:75-84. [pdf]
Vélez SJ, Wyman RJ (1978b). Synaptic connectivity in a crayfish neuromuscular system: 2. Nerve-muscle matching and nerve branching patterns. J Neurophysiol 41:85-96. [pdf]

5i. Synaptic Connectivity (Supplement)

Brown RH, Cannon SC, Rowland LP (2013). Diseases of the nerve and motor unit. In: Kandel ER, Schwartz JH, Jessell TM, Siegelbaum SA, Hudspeth AJ (eds.), Principles of Neural Science (McGraw Hill, Newark), ch. 14.
Emes RD, Grant SG (2012). Evolution of synapse complexity and diversity. Annu Rev Neurosci 35:111-131. [doi]
Harris-Warrick RM (2000). Ion channels and receptors: molecular targets for behavioral evolution. J Comp Physiol A 186:605-616. [pdf]
Moore JW, Stuart AE (2007). Neurons in Action: Tutorials and Simulations Using NEURON (Sinauer Associates, Sunderland MA). [www.neuronsinaction.com]
Purves D, Augustine GJ, Fitzpatrick D, Hall WC, LaMantia A-S, McNamara JO, White LE (2012). Neuroscience (Sinauer Associates, Sunderland MA), ch. 6.
Walker RJ, Brooks HL, Holden-Dye L (1996). Evolution and overview of classical transmitter molecules and their receptors. Parasitology 113:S3-S33. [doi]
Xu-Friedman MA (2013). Illustrating concepts of quantal analysis with an intuitive classroom model. Adv Physiol Educ 37:112-116. [doi]

6. Synaptic Plasticity

Bao J-X, Kandel ER, Hawkins RD (1997). Involvement of pre- and postsynaptic mechanisms in posttetanic potentiation at Aplysia synapses. Science 275:969-973. [doi]
Bittner GD (1989). Synaptic plasticity at the crayfish opener neuromuscular preparation. J Neurobiol 20:386-408. [doi]
Byrne JH, LaBar KS, LeDoux JE, Lindquist DH, Thompson RH, Teyler TJ (2009). Learning and memory: Basic mechanisms. In: Byrne JH, Roberts JL (eds.), From Molecules to Networks: An Introduction to Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience (Academic Press, San Diego), pp. 539-608.
Djokaj S, Cooper RL, Rathmayer W (2001). Presynaptic effects of octopamine, serotonin, and cocktails of the two modulators on neuromuscular transmission in crustaceans. J Comp Physiol A 187:145-154. [doi]
Fisher SA, Fischer TM, Carew TJ (1997). Multiple overlapping processes underlying short-term synaptic enhancement. Trends Neurosci 20:170-177. [doi]
Glusman S, Kravitz EA (1982). The action of serotonin on excitatory nerve terminals in lobster nerve-muscle preparations. J Physiol 325:223-241. [pdf]
Larimer JL, Moore D (2003). Neural basis of a simple behavior: Abdominal positioning in crayfish. Microsc Res Tech 60:346-359. [doi]
Miller MW, Parnas H, Parnas I (1985). Dopaminergic modulation of neuromuscular transmission in the prawn. J Physiol 363:363-375. [pdf]
Purves D, Augustine GJ, Fitzpatrick D, Hall WC, LaMantia A-S, McNamara JO, White LE (2012). Neuroscience (Sinauer Associates, Sunderland MA), ch. 8.
Xu-Friedman MA, Regehr WG (2004). Structural contributions to short-term synaptic plasticity. Physiol Rev 84:69-85. [doi]
Zucker RS, Kullmann DM, Schwartz TL (2009). Release of neurotransmitters. In: Byrne JH, Roberts JL (eds.), From Molecules to Networks: An Introduction to Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience (Academic Press, San Diego), pp. 255-258.
Zucker RS, Regehr WG (2002). Short-term synaptic plasticity. Annu Rev Physiol 64:355-405. [doi]

6i. Synaptic Plasticity (Supplement)

Baxter DA, Bittner GD, Brown TH (1985). Quantal mechanism of long-term synaptic potentiation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 82:5978-5982. [pdf]
Breen CA, Atwood HL (1983). Octopamine—a neurohormone with presynaptic activity-dependent effects at crayfish neuromuscular junctions. Nature 303:716-718. [doi]
Djokaj S, Cooper RL, Rathmayer W (2001). Presynaptic effects of octopamine, serotonin, and cocktails of the two modulators on neuromuscular transmission in crustaceans. J Comp Physiol A 187:145-154. [doi]
Hong SJ, Lnenicka GA (1995). Activity-dependent reduction in voltage-dependent calcium current in a crayfish motoneuron. J Neurosci 15:3539-3547. [pdf]
Johnson BR, Peck JH, Harris-Warrick RM (1995). Distributed amine modulation of graded chemical transmission in the pyloric network of the lobster stomatogastric ganglion. J Neurophysiol 74:437-452. [pdf]
Lnenicka GA (1991). The role of activity in the development of phasic and tonic synaptic terminals. Ann NY Acad Sci 627:197-211. [doi]
Mercier AJ, Schiebe M, Atwood HL (1990). Pericardial peptides enhance synaptic transmission and tension in phasic extensor muscles of crayfish. Neurosci Lett 111:92-98. [doi]
Millar AG, Atwood HL (2004). Crustacean phasic and tonic motor neurons. Integrative and comparative biology 44:4-13. [doi]
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Abbott LF, Regehr WG (2004). Synaptic computation. Nature 431:796-803. [doi]
Fortune ES, Rose GJ (2001). Short-term synaptic plasticity as a temporal filter. Trends Neurosci 24:381-385. [doi]
Klug A (2011). Short-term synaptic plasticity in the auditory brain stem by using in-vivo-like stimulation parameters. Hear Res 279:51-59. [doi]
Li WC, Sautois B, Roberts A, Soffe SR (2007). Reconfiguration of a vertebrate motor network: Specific neuron recruitment and context-dependent synaptic plasticity. J Neurosci 27:12267-12276. [doi]
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Bailey CH, Chen M (1991). Morphological aspects of synaptic plasticity in Aplysia an anatomical substrate for long-term memory. Ann NY Acad Sci 627:181-196. [doi]
Bao J-X, Kandel ER, Hawkins RD (1997). Involvement of pre- and postsynaptic mechanisms in posttetanic potentiation at Aplysia synapses. Science 275:969-973. [doi]
Byrne JH, LaBar KS, LeDoux JE, Lindquist DH, Thompson RH, Teyler TJ (2009). Learning and memory: Basic mechanisms. In: Byrne JH, Roberts JL (eds.), From Molecules to Networks: An Introduction to Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience (Academic Press, San Diego), pp. 539-608.
Dittman JS, Kreitzer AC, Regehr WG (2000). Interplay between facilitation, depression, and residual calcium at three presynaptic terminals. J Neurosci 20:1374-1385. [pdf]
Fioravante D, Regehr WG (2011). Short-term forms of presynaptic plasticity. Curr Opin Neurobiol 21:269-274. [doi]
Fisher SA, Fischer TM, Carew TJ (1997). Multiple overlapping processes underlying short-term synaptic enhancement. Trends Neurosci 20:170-177. [doi]
Malenka RC, Siegelbaum SA (2001). Synaptic plasticity: Diverse targets for regulating synaptic efficacy. In: Cowan WM, Südhof TC, Stevens CF (eds.), Synapses (The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore), ch. 9.
Nicholls JG, Martin AR, Fuchs PA, Brown PA, Diamond ME, Weisblat DA (2012). From Neuron to Brain (Sinauer Associates, Sunderland MA), ch. 16.
Purves D, Augustine GJ, Fitzpatrick D, Hall WC, LaMantia A-S, McNamara JO, White LE (2012). Neuroscience (Sinauer Associates, Sunderland MA), ch. 6.
Whitlock JR, Heynen AJ, Shuler MG, Bear MF (2006). Learning induces long-term potentiation in the hippocampus. Science 313:1093-1097. [doi]
Xu J, He L, Wu LG (2007). Role of Ca²⁺ channels in short-term synaptic plasticity. Curr Opin Neurobiol 17:352-359. [doi]
Xu-Friedman MA, Regehr WG (2004). Structural contributions to short-term synaptic plasticity. Physiol Rev 84:69-85. [doi]
Zucker RS, Regehr WG (2002). Short-term synaptic plasticity. Annu Rev Physiol 64:355-405. [doi]

7. Stretch Receptor

Faulkes Z, Macmillan DL (2002). Effects of removal of muscle receptor organ input on the temporal structure of non-giant swimming cycles in the crayfish, Cherax destructor. Mar Freshw Behav Phy 35:149-155. [doi]
Hill RW, Wyse GA, Anderson M (2012). Animal Physiology (Sinauer Associates, Sunderland MA), ch. 14.
McCarthy BJ, Daws A, Macmillan DL (2004). The activity of abdominal stretch receptors during non-giant swimming in the crayfish Cherax destructor and their role in hydrodynamic efficiency. J Comp Physiol A 190:291-299. [doi]
McCarthy BJ, Macmillan DL (1995). The role of the muscle receptor organ in the control of abdominal extension in the crayfish, Cherax destructor. J Exp Biol 198:2253-2259. [pdf]
McCarthy BJ, Macmillan DL (1999). Control of abdominal extension in the freely moving intact crayfish Cherax destructor. I. Activity of the tonic stretch receptor. J Exp Biol 202:171-181. [pdf]
Ozawa S, Tsuda K (1973). Membrane permeability change during inhibitory transmitter action in crayfish stretch receptor cell. J Neurophysiol 36:805-816. [pdf]
Patullo BW, Faulkes Z, Macmillan DL (2001). Muscle receptor organs do not mediate load compensation during body roll and defense response extensions in the crayfish Cherax destructor. J Exp Zool 290:783-790. [doi]
Purali N (2005). Structure and function relationship in the abdominal stretch receptor organs of the crayfish. J Comp Neurol 488:369-383. [doi]
Purves D, Augustine GJ, Fitzpatrick D, Hall WC, LaMantia A-S, McNamara JO, White LE (2012). Neuroscience (Sinauer Associates, Sunderland MA), ch. 9, 16.
Rydqvist B, Lin JH, Sand P, Swerup C (2007). Mechanotransduction and the crayfish stretch receptor. Physiol Behav 92:21-28. [doi]
Sacks O (1998). The man who mistook his wife for a hat: And other clinical tales (Simon and Schuster, New York), ch. 3.
Silverthorn DU (2013). Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach (Pearson, Boston), ch. 10, 13.

7i. Stretch Receptor (Supplement)

Delcomyn F (1998). Foundations of Neurobiology (W.H. Freeman, New York), ch. 9.
Eckert R, Randall D, Augustine GJ (1988). Animal Physiology: Mechanisms and Adaptations (W.H. Freeman, New York), ch. 7.
Fields HL (1976). Crustacean abdominal and thoracic muscle receptor organs. In: Mill PJ (ed.) Structure and Function of Proprioceptors in the Invertebrates (John Wiley and Sons, New York), pp. 65-114.
Grass Instrument Company (1990). The Crayfish Stretch Receptor. Pamphlet accompanying live demonstration at the 20th Annual Meeting of the Society for Neuroscience, St. Louis. [pdf]
Hill RW, Wyse GA, Anderson M (2012). Animal Physiology (Sinauer Associates, Sunderland MA), ch. 14.
Kandel ER, Schwartz JH, Jessell TM, Siegelbaum SA, Hudspeth AJ (2013). Principles of Neural Science (McGraw Hill), ch. 21-22, 35-36.
McCarthy BJ, Macmillan DL (1995). The role of the muscle receptor organ in the control of abdominal extension in the crayfish, Cherax destructor. J Exp Biol 198:2253-2259. [pdf]
McCarthy BJ, Macmillan DL (1999). Control of abdominal extension in the freely moving intact crayfish Cherax destructor. I. Activity of the tonic stretch receptor. J Exp Biol 202:171-181. [pdf]
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Miles FA (1969). Excitable Cells (Heinemann Medical Books, Ltd., London), ch. 4.
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Pasztor VM, Macmillan DL (1990). The actions of proctolin, octopamine, and serotonin on crustacean proprioceptors show species and neuron specificity. J Exp Biol 152:485-504. [pdf]
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Sacks O (1998). The man who mistook his wife for a hat: And other clinical tales (Simon and Schuster, New York), ch. 3.
Silverthorn DU (2013). Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach (Pearson, Boston), ch. 10.
Vescovi PJ, Macmillan DL, Simmers AJ (1997). Muscle receptor organs of the crayfish, Cherax destructor: Input to telson motor neurons. J Exp Zool 279:228-242. [doi]
Walsh KA, Macmillan DL, Bourke DW (1994). The effect of ethanol on the dynamic response of a mechanoreceptor neuron. Res Commun Substance 15:9-20.
Welsh JH, Smith RI, Kammer AE (1968). Laboratory Exercises in Invertebrate Physiology (Burgess Publishing Company, Minneapolis), pp. 85-87.
Wiersma CAG, Furshpan E, Florey E (1953). Physiological and pharmacological observations on muscle receptor organs of the crayfish, Cambarus clarkii Girard. J Exp Biol 30:136-150. [pdf]

8. Snail Brain—Excitability

Byrne JH, LaBar KS, LeDoux JE, Lindquist DH, Thompson RH, Teyler TJ (2009). Learning and memory: Basic mechanisms. In: Byrne JH, Roberts JL (eds.), From Molecules to Networks: An Introduction to Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience (Academic Press, San Diego), pp. 539-608.
Elliott CJ, Susswein AJ (2002). Comparative neuroethology of feeding control in molluscs. J Exp Biol 205:877-896. [pdf]
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Kerkut GA, Lambert JDC, Gayton RJ, Loker JE, Walker RJ (1975). Mapping of nerve cells in the suboesophageal ganglia of Helix aspersa. Comp Biochem Physiol A 50:147-162. [doi]
McCormick DA (2009). Membrane potential and action potential. In: Byrne JH, Roberts JL (eds.), From Molecules to Networks: An Introduction to Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience (Academic Press, San Diego), ch. 5.
Murphy AD (2001). The neuronal basis of feeding in the snail, Helisoma, with comparisons to selected gastropods. Prog Neurobiol 63:383-408. [doi]
Quinlan EM, Arnett BC, Murphy AD (1997). Feeding stimulants activate an identified dopaminergic interneuron that induces the feeding motor program in Helisoma. J Neurophysiol 78:812-824. [pdf]
Toledo-Rodriguez M, El Manira A, Wallen P, Svirskis G, Hounsgaard J (2005). Cellular signalling properties in microcircuits. Trends Neurosci 28:534-540. [doi]

8i. Snail Brain—Excitability (Supplement)

Benson JA, Adams WB (1989). Ionic mechanisms of endogenous activity in molluscan burster neurons. In: Jacklet JW (ed.) Neuronal and cellular oscillators (Marcel Dekker, New York), pp. 87-120.
DiFrancesco D (2010). The role of the funny current in pacemaker activity. Circ Res 106:434-446. [doi]. [pdf]
Glaizner B (1968). Pharmacological mapping of cells in the suboesophageal ganglia of Helix aspersa. In: Salánki J (ed.) Neurobiology of Invertebrates (Plenum Press, New York), pp. 267-284. [Reprinted 2012 by Springer, ISBN 1461586208]
Kerkut GA, Gardner DR (1967). The role of calcium ions in the action potentials of Helix aspersa neurones. Comp Biochem Physiol 20:147-162. [doi]
Kerkut GA, Lambert JDC, Gayton RJ, Loker JE, Walker RJ (1975). Mapping of nerve cells in the suboesophageal ganglia of Helix aspersa. Comp Biochem Physiol A 50:147-162. [doi]
Llinas RR (1988). The intrinsic electrophysiological properties of mammalian neurons: Insights into central nervous system function. Science 242:1654-1664. [doi]
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Moore JW, Stuart AE (2007). Neurons in Action: Tutorials and Simulations Using NEURON (Sinauer Associates, Sunderland MA). [www.neuronsinaction.com]
Murphy AD (2001). The neuronal basis of feeding in the snail, Helisoma, with comparisons to selected gastropods. Prog Neurobiol 63:383-408. [doi]
Purves RD (1981). Microelectrode Methods for Intracellular Recording and Ionophoresis (Academic Press, New York), pp. 50-51.
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Selverston AI (1985). Model neural networks and behavior (Plenum Press, New York).
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9. Snail Brain—Ionic Basis

Adams DJ, Smith SJ, Thompson SH (1980). Ionic currents in molluscan soma. Annu Rev Neurosci 3:141-167. [doi]
Jan LY, Jan YN (2012). Voltage-gated potassium channels and the diversity of electrical signalling. J Physiol 590:2591-2599. [doi]. [pdf]
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McCormick DA (2009). Membrane potential and action potential. In: Byrne JH, Roberts JL (eds.), From Molecules to Networks: An Introduction to Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience (Academic Press, San Diego), ch. 5.

9i. Snail Brain—Ionic Basis (Supplement)

Adams ME, Olivera BM (1994). Neurotoxins: Overview of an emerging research technology. Trends Neurosci 17:151-155. [doi]
Adams ME, Swanson GJ (1996). Neurotoxins. Trends Neurosci 19 Supplement:S1-S36.
Ashcroft FM (2006). From molecule to malady. Nature 440:440-447. [doi]. [pdf]
Bean BP (2007). The action potential in mammalian central neurons. Nature Rev Neurosci 8:451-465. [doi]. [pdf]
Bokisch AJ, Walker RJ (1986). The ionic mechanism associated with the action of putative transmitters on identified neurons of the snail, Helix aspersa. Comp Biochem Physiol C 84:231-241. [doi]
Carrasquillo Y, Nerbonne JM (2014). I_A channels: Diverse regulatory mechanisms. Neuroscientist 20:104-111. [doi]. [pdf]
Catterall WA, Dib-Hajj S, Meisler MH, Pietrobon D (2008). Inherited neuronal ion channelopathies: New windows on complex neurological diseases. J Neurosci 28:11768-11777. [doi]. [pdf]
Dib-Hajj SD, Cummins TR, Black JA, Waxman SG (2010). Sodium channels in normal and pathological pain. Annu Rev Neurosci 33:325-347. [doi]. [pdf]
Gonzalez C, Baez-Nieto D, Valencia I, Oyarzun I, Rojas P, Naranjo D, Latorre R (2012). K⁺ channels: Function-structural overview. Compr Physiol 2:2087-2149. [doi]. [pdf]
Jan LY, Jan YN (2012). Voltage-gated potassium channels and the diversity of electrical signalling. J Physiol 590:2591-2599. [doi]. [pdf]
Kerkut GA, Gardner DR (1967). The role of calcium ions in the action potentials of Helix aspersa neurones. Comp Biochem Physiol 20:147-162. [doi]
Kerkut GA, Lambert JDC, Gayton RJ, Loker JE, Walker RJ (1975). Mapping of nerve cells in the suboesophageal ganglia of Helix aspersa. Comp Biochem Physiol A 50:147-162. [doi]
Kostyuk PG (1968). Ionic background of activity in giant neurons of molluscs. In: Salánki J (ed.) Neurobiology of Invertebrates (Plenum Press, New York), pp. 145-167. [Reprinted 2012 by Springer, ISBN 1461586208]
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Levy J (2011). Poison: An Illustrated History (Globe Pequot Press, Guilford CT).
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Zakon HH (2012). Adaptive evolution of voltage-gated sodium channels: The first 800 million years. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 109 Suppl 1:10619-10625. [doi]. [pdf]

10. Plant Action Potential

Beilby MJ (2007). Action potential in charophytes. Int Rev Cytol 257:43-82. [doi]
Fromm J, Lautner S (2007). Electrical signals and their physiological significance in plants. Plant Cell Environ 30:249-257. [doi]
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Meech RW, Mackie GO (2007). Evolution of excitability in lower metazoans. In: North G, Greenspan RJ (eds.), Invertebrate Neurobiology (Cold Springs Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Springs Harbor NY), ch. 22.
Shimmen T, Mimura T, Kikuyama M, Tazawa M (1994). Characean cells as a tool for studying electrophysiological characteristics of plant cells. Cell Struct Funct 19:263-278. [doi]
Wayne R (1993). Excitability in plant cells. Am Sci 81:140-151. [pdf]
Wayne R (1994). The excitability of plant cells: With a special emphasis on characean internodal cells. Bot Rev 60:265-367. [doi]

10i. Plant Action Potential (Supplement)

Beilby MJ (2007). Action potential in charophytes. Int Rev Cytol 257:43-82. [doi]
Fromm J, Lautner S (2007). Electrical signals and their physiological significance in plants. Plant Cell Environ 30:249-257. [doi]
Hille B (2001). Ion Channels of Excitable Membranes (Sinauer Associates, Sunderland MA), ch. 22.
Johnson BR, Wyttenbach RA, Wayne R, Hoy RR (2002). Action potentials in a giant algal cell: A comparative approach to mechanisms and evolution of excitability. J Undergrad Neurosci Educ 1:A23-27. [pdf]
Kaneko T, Saito C, Shimmen T, Kikuyama M (2005). Possible involvement of mechanosensitive Ca²⁺ channels of plasma membrane in mechanoperception in Chara. Plant Cell Physiol 46:130-135. [doi]
Kikuyama M, Tazawa M (1998). Temporal relationship between action potential and Ca²⁺ transient in characean cells. Plant Cell Physiol 39:1359-1366. [pdf]
Koester J, Siegelbaum SA (2013). Membrane potential and the passive electrical properties of the neuron. In: Kandel ER, Schwartz JH, Jessell TM, Siegelbaum SA, Hudspeth AJ (eds.), Principles of Neural Science (McGraw Hill, Newark), ch. 6.
McCormick DA (2009). Membrane potential and action potential. In: Byrne JH, Roberts JL (eds.), From Molecules to Networks: An Introduction to Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience (Academic Press, San Diego), ch. 5.
Meech RW, Mackie GO (2007). Evolution of excitability in lower metazoans. In: North G, Greenspan RJ (eds.), Invertebrate Neurobiology (Cold Springs Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Springs Harbor NY), ch. 22.
Okihara K, Ohkawa T, Kasai M (1993). Effects of calmodulin on Ca²⁺-dependent Cl⁻-sensitive anion channels in the Chara plasmalemma: A patch-clamp study. Plant Cell Physiol 34:75-82. [pdf]
Purves D, Augustine GJ, Fitzpatrick D, Hall WC, LaMantia A-S, McNamara JO, White LE (2012). Neuroscience (Sinauer Associates, Sunderland MA), pp. 290-291.
Shimmen T (2001). Involvement of receptor potentials and action potentials in mechano-perception in plants. Aust J Plant Physiol 28:567-576. [doi]
Thiel G, Homann U, Plieth C (1997). Ion channel activity during the action potential in Chara: New insights with new techniques. J Exp Bot 48:609-622. [doi]
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A. Crayfish NMJ

Atwood HL (1976). Organization and synaptic physiology of crustacean neuromuscular systems. Prog Neurobiol 7:291-391. [doi]
Atwood HL (1982). Synapses and neurotransmitters. In: Atwood HL, Sandeman DC (eds.), The Biology of Crustacea, Vol 3, Neurobiology: Structure and Function (Academic Press, New York), ch. 3.
Atwood HL (2008). Parallel ‘phasic’ and ‘tonic’ motor systems of the crayfish abdomen. J Exp Biol 211:2193-2195. [doi]
Barthe J-Y, Bevengut M, Clarac F (1993). In vitro protolin and serotonin induced modulations of the abdominal motor system activities in crayfish. Brain Res 623:101-109. [doi]
Bishop CA, Krouse ME, Wine JJ (1991). Peptide cotransmitter potentiates calcium channel activity in crayfish skeletal muscle. J Neurosci 11:269-276. [pdf]
Bishop CA, Wine JJ, Nagy F, O’Shea MR (1987). Physiological consequences of a peptide cotransmitter in a crayfish nerve-muscle preparation. J Neurosci 7:1769-1779. [pdf]
Clement JF, Taylor AK, Velez SJ (1983). Effect of a limited target area on regeneration of specific neuromuscular connections in the crayfish. J Neurophysiol 49:216-226. [pdf]
Drummond JM, Macmillan DL (1998). The abdominal motor system of the crayfish, Cherax destructor. II. Morphology and physiology of the deep extensor motor neurons. J Comp Physiol A 183:603-619. [doi]
Drummond JM, Macmillan DL (1998). The abdominal motor system of the crayfish, Cherax destructor. I. Morphology and physiology of the superficial extensor motor neurons. J Comp Physiol A 183:583-601. [doi]
Evoy WH, Beranek R (1972). Pharmacological localization of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic regions in crayfish slow abdominal flexor muscle-fibres. Comp Gen Pharmacol 3:178-186. [doi]
Hoyle G (1983). Muscles and their Neural Control (John Wiley and Sons, New York), pp. 483-525.
Kennedy D, Evoy WH, Fields HL (1966). The unit basis of some crustacean reflexes. Symp Soc Exp Biol 20:75-109. [pdf]
Kennedy D, Takeda K (1965). Reflex control of abdominal flexor muscles in the crayfish II. The tonic system. J Exp Biol 43:229-246. [pdf]
Larimer JL (1988). The command hypothesis: A new view using an old example. Trends Neurosci 11:506-510. [doi]
Larimer JL, Moore D (2003). Neural basis of a simple behavior: Abdominal positioning in crayfish. Microsc Res Tech 60:346-359. [doi]
Leise EM, Hall WM, Mulloney B (1986). Functional organization of crayfish abdominal ganglia: I. The flexor systems. J Comp Neurol 253:25-45. [doi]
McCarthy BJ, Macmillan DL (1999). Control of abdominal extension in the freely moving intact crayfish Cherax destructor. I. Activity of the tonic stretch receptor. J Exp Biol 202:171-181. [pdf]
Murphy BF, Larimer JL (1991). The effect of various neurotransmitters and some of their agonists and antagonists on the crayfish abdominal positioning system. Comp Biochem Physiol C 100:687-698. [doi]
Vélez SJ, Wyman RJ (1978). Synaptic connectivity in a crayfish neuromuscular system: 1. Gradient of innervation and synaptic strength. J Neurophysiol 41:75-84. [pdf]
Vélez SJ, Wyman RJ (1978). Synaptic connectivity in a crayfish neuromuscular system: 2. Nerve-muscle matching and nerve branching patterns. J Neurophysiol 41:85-96. [pdf]
Wine JJ, Mittenthal JE, Kennedy D (1974). Structure of tonic flexor motoneurons in crayfish abdominal ganglia. J Comp Physiol 93:315-335. [doi]

C. Recording Tips

Duncan G (1990). Physics in the Life Sciences (Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford), ch. 10-11.
Loeb GE, Gans C (1986). Electromyography for Experimentalists (University of Chicago Press, Chicago), ch. 2, 6, 12-13.
Ogden D (1994). Microelectrode Techniques. The Plymouth Workshop Handbook (Company of Biologists, Cambridge), ch. 1, 16.
Purves RD (1981). Microelectrode Methods for Intracellular Recording and Ionophoresis (Academic Press, New York).
Sherman-Gold R (2012). The Axon Guide: Electrophysiology and Biophysics Laboratory Techniques, 3rd Edition (Molecular Devices Corporation, Union City CA). [pdf]

Ci. Recording Tips (Supplement)

Johnson BR, Hauptman SA, Bonow RH (2007). Construction of a simple suction electrode for extracellular recording and stimulation. J Undergrad Neurosci Educ 6:A21-26. [pdf]
Katz B (1966). Nerve, Muscle, and Synapse (McGraw-Hill, New York), pp. 17-19.
Land BR, Johnson BR, Wyttenbach RA, Hoy RR (2007). Tools for physiology labs: Inexpensive equipment for physiological stimulation. J Undergrad Neurosci Educ 3:A30-35. [pdf]
Land BR, Wyttenbach RA, Johnson BR (2001). Tools for physiology labs: An inexpensive high-performance amplifier and electrode for extracellular recording. J Neurosci Methods 106:47-55. [doi]
Purves RD (1981). Microelectrode Methods for Intracellular Recording and Ionophoresis (Academic Press, New York), pp. 50-51.
Sherman-Gold R (2012). The Axon Guide: Electrophysiology and Biophysics Laboratory Techniques, 3rd Edition (Molecular Devices Corporation, Union City CA). [pdf]

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