A B C + − recording R o R i R m C m Δ V m R m C m Δ V m R m C m Δ V m R m C m Δ V m R m C m Δ V m R o R i R o R i R o R i R m C m Δ V m outside inside + − + + − − C m R m Δ V m recording inside outside

Figure 1.5 RC Explanation. A. The membrane model with Cm added. B. A single patch of membrane with an intracellular electrode. The battery (ΔVm) represents a change in the potential of this patch of membrane. C. The circuit in (B) is redrawn with input (V) on one side and output (recording) on the other side.

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